Spectral Classes

The spectral class of a star is based upon the appearance of a few strong lines which vary slowly with temperatur. The principal lines in each class are:

OMostly high ionized silicon, nitrogen, plus ionized helium.  Oh
BNeutral helium, no ionized helium, Balmer lines strenghten.   Be
ABalmer lines peak at A0, single ionized calcium and metals appear.  A
FBalmer and ionized metall weaken, neutral metals strengthen.   Fine
GBalmer lines continue to weaken, ionized calcium lines peak in intensity.   Girl
KMany lines due to neutral metals, TiO starts to appear.   Kiss
MTiO bands dominate.  Me

The classification system with the letters    O B A F G K M   is a classification in terms of temperature, decreasing form O to M.

Every class is subdivided in decimal subclasses like B9, A4, K3. Not all decimal subdivisions are used in every major class. We won't discuss this here in detail. If we can determine the subclass from our spectra this is explained in the spectral classes .
The Sun for example with a surface temperature of 5700 K is classified as G2 star.

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